Validation status
Validation status by solver and reference
Thirteen self-verifying targets. Each checks a run against a published reference or against an invariant the discretization must preserve. Each exits nonzero when its check fails, so the suite runs as a CI gate.
Every number below is copied from a committed run artifact, except on the one card flagged as sourced from its target README. All figures aref64 on an Apple M3 Max, release build.
How to read the status column
- Quantitative: checked against a published reference to a stated tolerance.
- Flight-anchored: checked against flight data at order of magnitude, not per point.
- Invariant: checked against a property the discretization must preserve at any grid.
- Structural: gates rank and cost. Not physical accuracy.
Global caveat, from the verification README
Divergence figures are single-machine measurements at the default configuration. They are dominated by spatial resolution rather than by the discretization's asymptotic accuracy. Reference-grid runs tighten every figure. Re-measure on the target hardware before citing these values in an analysis of record.
QTT compressible marchers
qtt_sod
Sod shock tube, γ = 1.4, marched to t = 0.2 on 512 cells.
Reference
Exact Riemann solution (canonical star pressure p* = 0.3031).
| Quantity | Computed | Reference | Δ / tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density, L1 over |x| ≤ 0.5 | 0.0175 | 0 (exact) | tol 0.03 |
| Velocity, L1 over |x| ≤ 0.5 | 0.0274 | 0 (exact) | tol 0.03 |
| Pressure, L1 over |x| ≤ 0.5 | 0.0151 | 0 (exact) | tol 0.03 |
| Star pressure p* | 0.3031 | 0.3031 | exact |
Caveat
First-order Rusanov smears the contact, so the bound is on mean accuracy, not on peak resolution. The nonlinear flux and EOS are evaluated pointwise (dequantize → compute → requantize); the rank-preserving TT-cross form is the large-L upgrade.
cargo run --release -p deep_causality_cfd --example qtt_sodqtt_ramc_stagline
RAM-C II reentry stagnation streamline at ~71 km, M = 25, fitted shock interface with exact Rankine–Hugoniot jump.
Reference
RAM-C II flight experiment, NASA Langley (1970). Park, Nonequilibrium Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics (1990). Gupta–Yos–Thompson–Lee, NASA RP-1232 (1990).
| Quantity | Computed | Reference | Δ / tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peak n_e (uncalibrated finite-rate network) | 2.251e19 m⁻³ | ~1e19 m⁻³ | +0.35 dec (band ±0.70) |
| Peak n_e (closed-form Park-2T controller) | 5.31e17 m⁻³ | ~1e19 m⁻³ | −1.27 dec (reported, not re-admitted) |
| Post-shock temperature T₂ | 8044 K | ~10⁴ K band | in band |
| Plasma frequency ω_p | 4.111e10 rad/s | > 9.40e9 comms band | blackout true |
| Relaxation-profile bond | 2 | O(1) | cap 4 |
Caveat
The uncalibrated finite-rate network lands within +0.35 decade of the flight anchor, inside the ±0.70 chemistry-spread band. The closed-form Park-2T controller lands 1.27 decades below the anchor after the N₂–N₂ reduced-mass correction (μ = 14.007); its former near-anchor landing was an artifact of an invalid μ = 7.0 (the N–N atomic pair, which has no vibrational mode), and the offset is reported rather than re-admitted. Still a two-temperature Saha surrogate; the T_e = T_ve lumping is worth roughly 2×, and the landing is sensitive to the Millikan–White τ_vt model within the documented 2–5× chemistry-model spread. γ = 1.1 is an effective-γ closure, not perfect gas.
cargo run --release -p deep_causality_cfd --example qtt_ramc_staglineqtt_taylor_green_verification
2-D Taylor–Green vortex on a periodic box, evolved entirely as a tensor train, refinement ladder 8²→32².
Reference
Taylor & Green (1937). Method: Peddinti et al. (2024), Commun. Phys. 7, 135; Gourianov et al. (2022), Nat. Comput. Sci. 2, 30–37.
| Quantity | Computed | Reference | Δ / tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Observed order | 2.18 | 2.00 | +9% |
| Max error at 32² | 5.316e-5 | 0 (analytic) | bound 2.0e-4 |
| Convection u·∇u vs closed form | 3.207e-3 | 0 | 0.6% of 0.5 signal |
| Compression at 32² | bond 32 vs 1024 dense | — | 32× |
Caveat
Periodic, smooth, low-Reynolds and single-mode. It does not test immersed-body boundary conditions, turbulent rank growth, or multi-mode cascade. Gate 2 exists because single-mode Taylor–Green's convective term is a pure gradient the projection removes; a solver with a broken or zero u·∇u would still pass gate 1.
cargo run --release -p deep_causality_cfd --example qtt_taylor_green_verificationqtt_cylinder_verification
Cylinder in a periodic free-stream at 32², Brinkman volume penalization, drag as a tensor-train contraction.
Reference
Angot, Bruneau & Fabrie (1999), Numer. Math. 81, 497–520. Cross-reference: the DEC cylinder target at C_d ≈ 1.345.
| Quantity | Computed | Reference | Δ / tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|
| C_d convergence |ΔC_d|, bond 16 → 24 | 1.89e-11 | 0 (converged) | gate: relative ≤ 0.10 |
| Interior max |u| (no-slip) | 4.22e-2 | 0 | 4% of free stream |
| Divergence at bond 24 | 5.47e-14 | 0 | ≈ machine ε |
| Absolute C_d | 23.7577 | not the isolated value | see caveat |
Caveat
The absolute C_d ≈ 23.8 is NOT an isolated-cylinder drag coefficient: roughly 30% blockage, a penalization-integral force over a smoothed 2-cell skirt, and a fixed-horizon read rather than a steady state. The verification claim is the convergence trend plus no-slip and positivity, never the absolute number. Reproducing an isolated C_d needs an inflow/outflow domain, out of scope for the periodic QTT solver.
cargo run --release -p deep_causality_cfd --example qtt_cylinder_verificationqtt_blunt_body_2d
Blunt-body bow shock at constant standoff radius, body-fitted polar fan versus Cartesian capture, ladder 2⁵–2⁷.
Reference
Structural claim only: fitted bond bounded, capture growing. No published value.
| Quantity | Computed | Reference | Δ / tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fitted bond χ | 3 → 5 | bounded, ≤ 12 | gate BB-A |
| Cartesian capture bond χ | 16 → 61 | ≥ 2× fitted | gate BB-B |
Caveat
This gates rank, not physical accuracy; the quantitative accuracy gate for the compressible solver is qtt_sod, against the exact Riemann solution. The marched peak bond is reported and explicitly not asserted: a plain flux-through-front marcher injects angular structure and grows the bond to 64 over 6 steps even in the fitted coordinate. Bounding that is design D9 and the qtt_repin_marcher study.
cargo run --release -p deep_causality_cfd --example qtt_blunt_body_2dqtt_reentry_3d
3-D reentry forebody sheath, body-fitted spherical versus Cartesian sampling, ladder 2³–2⁵.
Reference
Structural: the qtt_rank_3d study bound, not a paper.
| Quantity | Computed | Reference | Δ / tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fitted forebody bond χ | 2 → 4 | bounded, ≤ 8 | gate RE-A |
| Cartesian bond χ | 10 → 59 | ≥ 2× fitted | gate RE-B |
| Wake bond | 41 | out of scope | reported only |
Caveat
Forebody only, and structural: it bounds rank, not physical accuracy. The wake is explicitly out of scope: a separated unsteady wake needs turbulence and is a multi-feature structure no single fitted coordinate aligns; its bond is reported, never gated. The dynamic marched forebody rank is likewise reported, not gated: there is no 3-D body-fit metric yet, so the marcher runs Cartesian and grows the bond to 16 over 6 steps. A 3-D body-fit metric plus re-pinning is the open remainder.
cargo run --release -p deep_causality_cfd --example qtt_reentry_3dqtt_park2t_blackout
Tier-A blackout closure on an incompressible rollout: recovery temperature → ionization → electron density.
Reference
Cross-references only: RAM-C II, Park two-temperature tables, the Saha limit, Apollo blackout dwell.
| Quantity | Computed | Reference | Δ / tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peak electron density n_e | 1.000e22 m⁻³ | ~1e19 m⁻³ (RAM-C II) | +3 decades |
| Six LER acceptance gates | all PASS | closure behaviour | not accuracy |
Caveat
Superseded. The Tier-A closure over-predicts by three decades: it rides an incompressible rollout with a recovery-temperature reconstruction rather than a true post-shock thermodynamic path, and Saha equilibrium at the frozen RH temperature drives near-full ionization. No absolute coupled-CFD match is claimed. Retired by the Tier-B compressible marcher; use qtt_ramc_stagline instead.
cargo run --release -p deep_causality_cfd --example qtt_park2t_blackoutDEC Navier–Stokes
dec_lid_cavity_re1000_verification
Lid-driven square cavity at Re = 1000, three no-slip walls, lid at U = 1.
Reference
Ghia, U., Ghia, K. N., Shin, C. T. (1982). High-Re solutions for incompressible flow using the Navier–Stokes equations and a multigrid method. J. Comput. Phys. 48, 387–411.
| Quantity | Computed | Reference | Δ / tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Centerline RMSE vs Ghia (33², t = 40) | 0.137 | 0 | — |
| Primary vortex position | (0.563, 0.594) | (0.531, 0.563) | ≈ 6% of span |
| Corner eddies resolved | both | both | at 33²/t=40 |
| Grid-trend gate (17² → 33²) | 0.252 → 0.133 | decreasing | gates 0.32 / 0.20 |
Caveat
The 6%-of-span vortex offset is at a coarse 33² grid. Reporting resolution is 129² with t_end ≥ 150, Ghia's own grid, which takes hours. The committed baseline.txt for this target is a partial run log and records no RMSE; the figures above come from the target README.
cargo run --release -p deep_causality_cfd --example dec_lid_cavity_re1000_verification trendNo committed baselinefigures come from the target README rather than a run artifact
dec_cylinder_verification
Isolated circular cylinder, 2-D laminar, Re_D = 100, aperture-resolved cut cells at 16 cells/D.
Reference
Williamson (1996); Dröge & Verstappen (2005); Lehmkuhl, Rodríguez, Borrell & Oliva (2013). Window compiled in arXiv:2303.09262.
| Quantity | Computed | Reference | Δ / tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strouhal St | 0.1714 | 0.164–0.165 | +4.3% |
| Mean drag C_d | 1.246 | 1.32–1.36 | −6% |
| C_d split (pressure + friction) | 1.078 + 0.167 | friction ≈ 25% | friction 13% |
| Lift C_l, drag swing | 0.010, [1.238, 1.254] | sustained limit cycle | amplitude ≈ 0.41 |
Caveat
Acceptable but not DNS-grade at this grid. The integrated drag is close for the wrong reason: the pressure/friction split is off, with friction at 13% against the ~25% reference. Most of the +4.3% Strouhal excess is LY_D = 16 blockage (≈6.25%), leaving ~1–2% method error. A defensible accuracy claim needs a grid-convergence study (16→24→32/D, Richardson-extrapolated) plus C_L,rms, θ_sep and C_pb. This target has no baseline.txt; the figures are the committed run output re100_16_resolved.txt. Its staircase companion at the same 16 cells/D does not shed at all: the wake decays to a steady residual. That run's printed St 0.2444 is therefore the crossing detector firing on 7th-decimal noise, and its C_d 1.356 is a steady-flow value rather than a cycle mean. The aperture-resolved cut cells are what produce a sustained street here.
CELLS_PER_D=16 LX_D=16 LY_D=16 STEPS=4000 CFL=0.4 CG_TOL=1e-6 cargo run --release -p deep_causality_cfd --example dec_cylinder_verificationdec_graded_mms_verification
Method of manufactured solutions on a graded torus, 8²→64², grading amplitudes 0.0–0.3.
Reference
Observed order of accuracy = 2.00. DEC: Hirani (2003); Desbrun, Hirani, Leok & Marsden (2005).
| Quantity | Computed | Reference | Δ / tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Convective order (finest pair) | 1.98–1.99 | 2.00 | ≤ 0.02 |
| Viscous order (finest pair) | 2.00–2.01 | 2.00 | ≤ 0.01 |
| Max error at 64² (convective) | 5.13e-3 … 7.69e-3 | — | by grading |
| Divergence-freeness | exact | exact | combinatorial |
Caveat
At strong grading the coarse-pair order dips to ~1.7 and recovers to ~2.0 as the mesh refines. An earlier revision of this study mis-measured a convective order collapse; the cause was a measurement bug: pointwise 1-form values instead of edge integrals. The cochain convention is load-bearing.
cargo run --release -p deep_causality_cfd --example dec_graded_mms_verificationdec_taylor_green_re1600_verification
3-D Taylor–Green vortex at Re = 1600, default 16³ grid marched to t* = 10.
Reference
van Rees, Leonard, Pullin & Koumoutsakos (2011); Brachet et al. (1983); 1st Int. Workshop on High-Order CFD Methods (2012), case C3.5.
| Quantity | Computed | Reference | Δ / tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy ratio E*/E0 | 0.8929 | monotone decay | gate PASS |
| Peak dissipation (16³) | 0.002468 | ≈0.0124 (DNS) | −80% |
Caveat
Only the energy-monotonicity invariant is gated; the DNS comparison is informational. 16³ is grossly under-resolved and cannot represent the small-scale dissipation peak, hence the −80%. Strictly the curve never peaks at this grid: the reported maximum falls at the final sample, t* = 10.05, so it is a monotone-rising tail rather than a resolved peak, where the DNS peak sits near t* ≈ 9. Reporting resolutions of 64³–128³ close this gap. Do not read the −80% as a solver error.
cargo run --release -p deep_causality_cfd --example dec_taylor_green_re1600_verificationdec_cylinder_wake_verification
Cylinder in a confined periodic-x channel driven by an uncertain sensor stream through the causal monad.
Reference
None quantitative; an internal-consistency exercise.
| Quantity | Computed | Reference | Δ / tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Max divergence residual | 3.334e-15 | 0 | tol 1e-6 |
| EffectLog entries under dropout | 80 | 80 (2 × 40) | exact |
Caveat
The DEC solver has no inflow/outflow surface here; the sensor drives a prescribed moving wall in a confined periodic-x channel. At 25% blockage the run reports no clear shedding in the developed signal, so the printed Strouhal is a qualitative check for that confined case, never gated, and no isolated-cylinder Reynolds ladder is claimed. The committed baseline.txt is the 200-row probe stream; the divergence figure is the maximum over its residual column; the pass/fail summary lines are in cli_output.txt.
cargo run --release -p deep_causality_cfd --example dec_cylinder_wake_verificationAnalytic and pointwise closures
mms_taylor_green_verification
Taylor–Green vortex through the incompressible NS RHS kernel with exact autodiff derivatives, Rk4, 200 steps.
Reference
Taylor & Green (1937), Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 158, 499–521. MMS methodology: Roache (2002); Salari & Knupp (2000).
| Quantity | Computed | Reference | Δ / tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|
| RHS kernel vs exact, max abs error | 1.11e-16 | 0 (analytic) | ≈ machine ε |
| Rk4 amplitude a(t) at t = 1 | 0.90483742 | 0.90483742 | 6.66e-16 |
| Precision ladder (f32 / f64 / Float106) | 3e-8 / 1e-16 / 8e-33 | 0 | by type |
Caveat
Off-grid step counts introduce a phantom floor: dt = 0.005 is not a binary fraction, so steps·dt misses 1 by ~2e-17, which becomes a fixed ~1.9e-18 amplitude error. Guarded by evaluating the reference at t_final = dt·steps. Past a few thousand steps the two low-precision columns drift upward.
cargo run --release -p deep_causality_cfd --example mms_taylor_green_verificationRecords where the headline number is not the claim
Three records report a figure that does not correspond to the quantity a reader may expect. Each states its actual claim below.
QTT cylinder, C_d ≈ 23.8.The domain carries roughly 30% blockage, the force is a penalization integral over a smoothed skirt, and the value is read at a fixed horizon rather than at steady state. The target claims the convergence trend, the no-slip interior, and positivity. It does not claim an isolated-cylinder drag coefficient.
3-D Taylor–Green, peak dissipation 80% below DNS.The default grid is 16³ and cannot resolve the small-scale dissipation peak. The gate covers energy monotonicity; the DNS comparison is informational. Reporting resolutions of 64³ to 128³ close the gap.
Tier-A blackout closure, three decades above the flight anchor.The closure rides an incompressible rollout with a recovery-temperature reconstruction. The Tier-B compressible marcherqtt_ramc_stagline supersedes it: its uncalibrated finite-rate network lands within about a factor of two of the anchor.
Source for every target:deep_causality_cfd/verification/